Author: Beatrice Elizabeth Skurvydaite

To what extent did Operation Absolute Resolve demonstrate a scalable model for bypassing sophisticated A2/AD systems through multi-domain non-kinetic fires? The paper argues that tightly integrated cyber and electronic warfare can generate short-term access in permissive or weakly networked defences, yet such effects are highly conditional and context-dependent. Against resilient architectures like Iran’s, non-kinetic fires…