Author: Delfina Ertanowska
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From Moscow to Caracas
In an era of rapidly developing social media, cyber threats such as manipulation, fake news, and disinformation are also expanding as elements of planned psychological and information campaigns—tools of hybrid warfare used to build influence and sustain autocratic power. The article describes cooperation in this area between a “teacher” and a “student”: namely, Russia, which…
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Russian Digital PSYOPS in CEE
1. Main Question: How does Russian digital diplomacy and PSYOPS influence politics and security in Central-Eastern Europe? 2. Argument: Russia leverages social media, memes, fake news, and AI tools as part of hybrid warfare to polarize societies, manipulate elections, and destabilize NATO’s eastern flank. 3. Conclusion: Digital PSYOPS have tangible political and security impacts, as…