Author: Julia Konarzewska
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Shaping Europe’s Security – A Formula for Success?
This article highlights changes within the CSDP/CFSP framework and evaluates the security and industrial initiatives that reflect this shift. The overall argument rests on the premise that the EU has begun to base its security decision-making on both the traditional intergovernmental level and the supranational level led by the Commission. Despite that, the final decision…
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Macron’s European Nuclear Umbrella
Emmanuel Macron’s proposal of a European Nuclear Umbrella is based on growing concerns regarding US credibility in NATO. The proposal is politically strong, yet, regarding capabilities, Europe still cannot match the US. Macron’s proposal vs. NPT – the extension of the French nuclear deterrent, especially regarding nuclear weapon sharing proposed by Macron, undermines, to some…
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Flawed Agreements and Unkept Promises
1. Was the Rwanda-DRC ceasefire agreement effective in ending humanitarian struggles in the eastern DRC? 2. The ceasefire was not effective since it did not include non-state militias which are actively present in the region and are pursuing violence against civilians. 3. Civilians continue to die predominantly at the hands of non-state militias. Additionally, Rwanda…