Political Warfare

Sophie Groenheijde

/pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈwɔːrfeɪr/

Timeframe: 04/05/1948 – 15/04/1998

United States of America · Crisis Management

Key Insights

• The term political warfare has been used differently throughout history. In the West, US Diplomat George Kennan significantly influenced the understanding of political warfare. In his 1948 memorandum "Organizing Political Warfare," Kennan described political warfare as the hostile employment of all means at a nation’s disposal short of war.

Documents: 📄 Full Publication (PDF)