Author: Valentin Grangier

Q: Does Japan’s dollar exposure prevent the BoJ from raising rates? Arg: Low rates fuel carry trades that weaken the yen, while $1T+ in U.S. Treasuries ties Japan to U.S. monetary cycles — a self-reinforcing trap. Concl: Gradual normalisation is the best exit, but political pressures keep the status quo attractive.

Question: How do trade wars reshape the global economy, and how can states respond? Argument: Trade wars disrupt supply chains, raise prices, and drive economic nationalism, requiring diversification, digital innovation, and multilateral cooperation. Conclusion: Managing trade wars needs flexible, strategic, and cooperative approaches to sustain stable and open global trade

Question: How do trade wars impact global economics, and how can states respond? Argument: Trade wars disrupt supply chains, raise prices, and weaken multilateral institutions; mitigation requires diversification, digital standards, and multilateral trust. Conclusion: States can reduce trade war risks through diversified trade, anti-coercion measures, tech agreements, and multilateral engagement

Main Question: How are economic policies becoming tools of national security and global power? Argument: Trade wars and shifting alliances show that economics and geopolitics are increasingly intertwined. Conclusion: Balance national interests with global cooperation